Exephin Injection 250 mg/vial IM contains Ceftriaxone Sodium, a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with broad-spectrum activity against a wide variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. It is highly effective for the treatment of serious bacterial infections due to its potent bactericidal action, long half-life, and ability to achieve high concentrations in body tissues and fluids.

Ceftriaxone works by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis, leading to cell lysis and death. Its stability against beta-lactamases enhances its effectiveness against resistant bacterial strains.

রেজিস্টার্ড চিকিৎসকের পরামর্শ অনুযায়ী ঔষধ সেবন করুন

Indications

Exephin Injection 250 mg is indicated for the treatment of the following bacterial infections:

• Respiratory tract infections: including pneumonia, bronchitis, and infections of the upper and lower respiratory tract

• Urinary tract infections (UTIs) including pyelonephritis and complicated UTIs

• Skin and soft tissue infections caused by susceptible bacteria

• Bone and joint infections

• Septicemia and bacteremia

• Meningitis: caused by susceptible strains of Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae

• Gonorrhea: uncomplicated gonococcal infections of the urethra, cervix, and rectum

• Prophylaxis in surgical procedures to prevent postoperative infections

Dosage and Administration

Intramuscular (IM) Administration:

• Adults: Typically, 250 mg to 1 g once or twice daily depending on the severity and type of infection

• Pediatric patients: 20–50 mg/kg once daily, not exceeding 1 g per day

• Severe infections or meningitis may require higher doses, adjusted according to clinical response

Preparation and Administration:

• Reconstitute the contents of the vial with an appropriate diluent such as sterile water for injection or 1% lidocaine (for IM use)

• Administer the solution deeply into a large muscle such as the gluteal or thigh muscle

• Do not administer intravenously unless the formulation and dilution instructions for IV use are followed

• Avoid mixing with calcium-containing solutions or products in neonates due to risk of precipitation

Mechanism of Action

Ceftriaxone binds to specific penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall. This binding inhibits the final transpeptidation step of peptidoglycan synthesis, essential for bacterial cell wall integrity. The resulting cell wall disruption leads to osmotic instability and bacterial cell death. Ceftriaxone’s long half-life allows for once or twice-daily dosing, making it convenient for clinical use.

Contraindications

• Known hypersensitivity to ceftriaxone, other cephalosporins, or penicillin-class antibiotics

• Neonates with hyperbilirubinemia or premature infants due to risk of bilirubin displacement

Side Effects

Common adverse reactions may include:

• Pain, swelling, or tenderness at the injection site

• Gastrointestinal disturbances such as diarrhea, nausea, or vomiting

• Allergic reactions including rash, urticaria, and rarely, anaphylaxis

• Changes in blood counts (e.g., eosinophilia, neutropenia, thrombocytosis)

• Rarely, liver enzyme elevation or renal dysfunction

Precautions and Warnings

• Use with caution in patients with a history of penicillin allergy

• Monitor for signs of superinfection with prolonged therapy

• Ensure adequate hydration to reduce the risk of kidney-related adverse effects

• Monitor coagulation parameters in patients on anticoagulant therapy as ceftriaxone may affect prothrombin time

  রেজিস্টার্ড চিকিৎসকের পরামর্শ অনুযায়ী ঔষধ সেবন করুন

Drug Interactions

• Concomitant use with calcium-containing solutions can cause precipitation of ceftriaxone-calcium salts, especially in neonates

• May increase the anticoagulant effect of warfarin in some patients

• Co-administration with aminoglycosides should be monitored for potential additive nephrotoxicity

Pregnancy and Lactation

• Ceftriaxone is generally considered safe in pregnancy when clearly indicated

• It is excreted in breast milk in small amounts; use caution or discontinue breastfeeding if therapy is necessary

Storage Conditions

• Store at 20–25°C in a dry place, protected from light

• Do not freeze

• Keep out of reach of children

Summary

Exephin Injection 250 mg/vial IM is a potent, broad-spectrum cephalosporin suitable for treating a variety of serious bacterial infections. Its bactericidal action, long half-life, and tissue penetration make it a convenient and reliable option for both hospital and outpatient therapy. Proper administration, adherence to dosage, and monitoring for adverse reactions are essential for safe and effective use.