Exephin 500 mg/vial is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic widely used for the treatment of serious bacterial infections. With its broad-spectrum activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, it provides potent bactericidal effects. Exephin 500 mg/vial is administered parenterally via intravenous (IV) or intramuscular (IM) injection, offering flexibility in treating hospitalized patients or those with severe infections. Its relatively long half-life allows for once-daily dosing in many clinical situations.

রেজিস্টার্ড চিকিৎসকের পরামর্শ অনুযায়ী ঔষধ সেবন করুন

Therapeutic Class

Third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic

Indications

Exephin 500 mg/vial is indicated for treating the following infections:

• Lower respiratory tract infections: pneumonia, bronchitis

• Acute bacterial otitis media

• Skin and soft tissue infections

• Urinary tract infections

• Gonorrhea (uncomplicated cases)

• Bacterial septicemia

• Bone and joint infections

• Meningitis

• Prevention of postoperative infections

• Perioperative prophylaxis associated with surgery

Its broad-spectrum activity and high tissue penetration make it effective in both community-acquired and hospital-acquired infections.

Pharmacology

Exephin acts by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis, binding to penicillin-binding proteins and preventing peptidoglycan cross-linking. This disrupts cell wall formation, leading to bacterial lysis. It is highly stable against beta-lactamases, which protects it from enzymatic degradation by resistant bacteria.

• Protein binding: 95%

• Plasma half-life: 6–9 hours

• Excretion: 40–65% unchanged in urine; remainder via bile into feces

• Metabolism: Not metabolized

Its pharmacokinetic profile supports once or twice-daily dosing, even in severe infections.

Dosage & Administration

Adults:

• Standard dose: 1–2 g IV or IM once daily (or in divided doses twice daily)

• Maximum: 4 g/day

• Gonorrhea: 250 mg IM single dose

• Surgical prophylaxis: 1 g IV 30–120 minutes before surgery

Infants & Children (≥1 month):

• General infections: 50–75 mg/kg IV/IM once daily (max 2 g/day)

• Otitis media: 50 mg/kg IM single dose (max 1 g)

• Meningitis: 100 mg/kg IV/IM once daily (max 4 g/day)

Administration:

• IM injection: Dissolve in Lidocaine HCl 1%

• IV injection: Dissolve in Water for Injection, administer over 2–4 minutes or by infusion over 30 minutes (10–40 mg/mL concentration)

• Test dose recommended to check patient tolerance

Contraindications

• Hypersensitivity to cephalosporins or other beta-lactam antibiotics

  রেজিস্টার্ড চিকিৎসকের পরামর্শ অনুযায়ী ঔষধ সেবন করুন

Side Effects

Exephin is generally well tolerated. Reported adverse reactions include:

• Gastrointestinal: diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, stomatitis, glossitis

• Cutaneous: rash, pruritus, urticaria, edema, erythema multiforme

• Hematologic: eosinophilia, thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, anemia, neutropenia

• Hepatic: elevated SGOT/SGPT, bilirubinemia

• CNS: headache, dizziness, confusion, sleep disturbances, convulsions

• Local: rare phlebitis at injection site, minimized with slow injection

Precautions & Warnings

• Monitor for anaphylactic reactions; administer IV epinephrine and glucocorticoids if severe

• Rare gallbladder “sludge” may occur, reversible on discontinuation

• Prolonged therapy requires regular blood count monitoring

• Not recommended for premature neonates or newborns ≤28 days

Pregnancy & Lactation

• Use only if clearly indicated; safety in pregnancy not established

• Low concentrations excreted in breast milk; caution advised

Overdose

• No specific antidote; treatment is supportive and symptomatic

Storage

• Store in a cool, dry place below 30°C, away from light and moisture

• Keep out of reach of children.